Salicaceae

 The Salicaceae are a family, the willow family, of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae sensu stricto) included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former Flacourtiaceae.[3][4][5]

Salicaceae
20110716Silberweiden Hockenheim.jpg
Salix alba
Scientific classificatione
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Malpighiales
Family:Salicaceae
Mirb.[1]
Subfamilies[2]
  • Salicoideae
  • Samydoideae
  • Scyphostegioideae
Synonyms
  • Bembiciaceae
  • Caseariaceae
  • Flacourtiaceae
  • Homaliaceae
  • Poliothyrsidaceae
  • Prockiaceae
  • Samydaceae
  • Scyphostegiaceae
The image shows a drawing of a small portion of the edge of a leaf bearing a salicoid tooth. Black veins cross the leaf surface, but one vein is marked yellow and widens as it approaches the tooth. At the tip of the tooth is a semicircular protuberance, also drawn as yellow for emphasis.
Illustration of a typical salicoid tooth, the yellow area showing the expanding leaf vein and glandular seta.
The image is a photograph of the edge of the underside of a leaf. The leaf takes up the upper two-thirds of the image and the leaf margin runs right to left, with a single tooth jutting out bluntly to the left. Also sporadically along the edge of the leaf are small, transparent hairs. The light-colored leaf surface is intersected with dark veins, one of which comes in from the top right of the image towards the tooth, and it widens abruptly as it nears the tooth. Between the tip of the tooth and where it steps down to the next part of the leaf margin is a shallow bulge with a brownish hue, a distinctly different color from the rest of the leaf. A red scale bar at upper left, occupying about a quarter of the width of the image, above which reads "0.5 mm."
Populus trichocarpa leaf margin showing a salicoid tooth. The brownish-yellow area in the axil of the tooth is the glandular seta.

In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera (Salix, Populus, and Chosenia). Recognized to be closely related to the Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the APG in the order Malpighiales.

Under the new circumscription, all members of the family are trees or shrubs that have simple leaves with alternate arrangement and temperate members are usually deciduous. Most members have serrate or dentate leaf margins, and those that have such toothed margins all exhibit salicoid teeth; a salicoid tooth being one in which a vein enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all have ovaries that are superior or half-inferior with parietal placentation.[6]

Genera by subfamily and tribeEdit

Salicaceae is divided into three subfamiies, with Salicoideae further dvided into six tribes.[2][7][8]

Salicoideae

Abatieae

  • Abatia Ruiz & Pavón (formerly including Aphaerema)[9]
  • Aphaerema Miers

Bembicieae

  • Bembicia Oliver

Homalieae

  • Bartholomaea Standley & Steyermark
  • Bivinia Tulasne
  • Byrsanthus Guillemin
  • Calantica Tulasne
  • Dissomeria Bentham
  • Homalium Jacquin
  • Neopringlea S. Watson
  • Trimeria Harvey

Prockieae

  • Banara Aublet
  • Hasseltia Kunth
  • Hasseltiopsis Sleumer
  • Macrohasseltia L. O. Williams
  • Neosprucea Sleumer
  • Pineda Ruiz & Pavón
  • Pleuranthodendron L. O. Williams
  • Prockia L.

Saliceae

  • Azara Ruiz & Pavón
  • Bennettiodendron Merrill
  • Carrierea Franchet
  • Dovyalis Arnott
  • Flacourtia L'Heritier
  • Idesia Maximowicz
  • Itoa Hemsley
  • Lasiochlamys Pax & K. Hoffmann
  • Ludia de Jussieu
  • Olmediella Baillon
  • Poliothyrsis Oliver
  • Populus L.
  • Priamosia Urban
  • †Pseudosalix Boucher, Manchester, & Judd[10]
  • Salix L.
  • Tisonia Baillon
  • Xylosma G. Forster (formerly including Priamosia)[9]

Scolopieae

  • Hemiscolopia van Slooten
  • Phyllobotryon Müller
  • Pseudoscolopia Gilg
  • Scolopia Schreber

Samydoideae

  • Casearia Jacquin (including Hecatostemon, Laetia, Samyda, & Zuelania)
  • Euceraea Martius
  • Irenodendron Alford & Dement[11]
  • Lunania Hooker
  • Neoptychocarpus Buchheim
  • Ophiobotrys Gilg
  • Osmelia Thwaites
  • Piparea Aublet
  • Pseudosmelia Sleumer
  • Ryania Vahl
  • Tetrathylacium Poeppig & Endlicher
  • Trichostephanus Gilg

Scyphostegioideae

  • Dianyuea C. Shang et al.[12]
  • Scyphostegia Stapf

incertae sedis

  • Ahernia Merrill
  • Oncoba Forsskahl
  • †Saxifragispermum Reid & Chandler[10]
  • †Utkholokia (Cheleb.) Iljinskaja & Chelb.[10]


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 Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the 
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