The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbɪˈneɪsiaɪ, -iː/ VUR-bin-AY-see-e(y)e) — the verbena family or vervain family — are a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.[2]
The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species.[3] Phylogenetic studies[4] have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae[5] or in its own family, Avicenniaceae,[6] has been placed in the Acanthaceae.[7]
Economically important Verbenaceae include:
- Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
- Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Taxonomy
Tribes and genera in the family[8] and their estimated species numbers:[3]
Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc.
- Casselia Nees & Mart. - 6 species
- Parodianthus Tronc. - 2 species
- Tamonea Aubl. - 6 species
Citharexyleae Briq.
- Citharexylum L. (fiddlewoods) - 60 species
- Rehdera Moldenke - 3 species
Duranteae Bent.
- Bouchea Cham. - 13 species
- Chascanum E.Mey - 27 species
- Duranta L. - 31 species
- Recordia Moldenke - 2 species
- Stachytarpheta Vahl - 120 species
Lantaneae Endl.
- Aloysia Palau (beebrushes) - 36 species
- Burroughsia Moldenke - 2 species
- Coelocarpum Balf.f. - 6 species
- Diphyllocalyx (Griseb.) Greuter & R.Rankin - 6 species
- Isidroa Greuter & R.Rankin - 1 species
- Lantana L. (shrub verbenas, lantanas) - 100 species
- Lippia L. - 140 species
- Nashia Millsp. - 1 species
- Phyla Lour. (fogfruits) - 5 species
Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary
- Diostea Miers - 1 species
- Lampayo Phil. ex Murillo - 3 species
- Neosparton Griseb. - 3 species
Petreeae Briq.
- Petrea L. (sandpaper vines) - 12 species
Priveae Briq.
- Pitraea Turcz. - 1 species
- Priva Adans. - 20 species
Verbeneae Dumort.
- Glandularia J.F.Gmel. - 88 species
- Hierobotana Briq. - 1 species
- Junellia Moldenke - 38 species
- Mulguraea N.O’Leary & P.Peralta - 11 species
- Verbena L. (verbenas/vervains) - 57 species
Unassigned
- Dipyrena Hook. - 1 species
- Rhaphithamnus Miers - 2 species
Excluded genera
Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:[9]
- Moved to Acanthaceae
- Avicennia L.
- Moved to Lamiaceae
- Amasonia L.f.
- Brachysola (F.Muell.) Rye
- Callicarpa L.
- Caryopteris Bunge
- Chloanthes R.Br.
- Clerodendrum L.
- Congea Roxb.
- Cornutia L.
- Cyanostegia Turcz.
- Dicrastylis J.Drumm. ex Harv.
- Discretitheca P.D.Cantino
- Faradaya F.Muell.
- Garrettia H.R.Fletcher
- Glossocarya Wall. ex Griff.
- Gmelina L.
- Hemiphora (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
- Holmskioldia Retz.
- Hosea Ridl.
- Hymenopyramis Wall. ex Griff.
- Kalaharia Baill.
- Karomia Dop
- Lachnostachys Hook.
- Mallophora Endl.
- Monochilus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Newcastelia F.Muell.
- Oncinocalyx F.Muell.
- Oxera Labill.
- Peronema Jack
- Petitia Jacq.
- Petraeovitex Oliv.
- Physopsis Turcz.
- Pityrodia R.Br.
- Premna L.
- Pseudocarpidium Millsp.
- Pseudocaryopteris P.D.Cantino
- Rotheca Raf.
- Schnabelia Hand.-Mazz.
- Spartothamnella Briq.
- Sphenodesme Jack
- Symphorema Roxb.
- Tectona L.f.
- Teijsmanniodendron Koord.
- Teucridium Hook.f.
- Tripora P.D.Cantino
- Vitex L.
- Moved to Oleaceae
- Dimetra Kerr
- Nyctanthes L.
- Moved to Orobanchaceae
- Asepalum Marais
- Cyclocheilon Oliv.
- Nesogenes A.DC.
- Moved to Phrymaceae
- Phryma L.
- Moved to Stilbaceae
- Campylostachys Kunth
- Euthystachys A.DC.
- Stilbe P.J.Bergius
- Thesmophora Rourke
| This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. |